A、The input characteristics of an uninterruptible power supply should include the following aspects:

1. Input voltage range: Different uninterruptible power supply models have different ranges, and a wide range can reduce battery discharge opportunities and extend battery life. High quality uninterruptible power supplies typically have a      wide input voltage range (such as 160-280V) and can operate normally even when there are significant fluctuations in the power grid,

2. Input power factor: Low power factor can lead to high reactive power input, harmonic current pollution of the power grid, and interference with other equipment. Modern uninterruptible power supplies typically use PFC (Power Factor         Correction) technology to improve power factor,

3. Allowable range of main power frequency: The uninterruptible power supply has a certain tolerance range for the input power frequency. When it exceeds this range, it will switch to battery power supply,

4. Input current harmonic components: By using PFC technology or 6/12 pulse transformers, the input current harmonic components can be reduced, reducing pollution to the power grid,

B、 The output characteristics of an uninterruptible power supply determine its power supply quality, and the main parameters include:

1. Static stability: 1% for large uninterruptible power supplies and 2% for small and medium-sized ones, indicating the stability of the output voltage,

2. Transient characteristics of output: 5% for large uninterruptible power supplies and 8% for small and medium-sized ones, indicating the fluctuation range of output voltage when the load suddenly changes,

3. Output overload capacity: such as 125% load for 5 minutes, 150% load for 10 seconds, etc., reflecting the short-term overload capacity of the uninterruptible power supply,

4. Output power factor: There are three common types: 0.8, 0.9, and 1. The higher the power factor, the greater the actual load that can be carried under the same VA,

5. Harmonic distortion of output voltage: High quality uninterruptible power supplies are usually controlled within 3% to ensure the purity of the output waveform,

C、 Input and output differences of different types of uninterruptible power supplies

1. Online uninterruptible power supply; The online uninterruptible power supply adopts a "dual conversion" working mode (AC-DC-AC), which features include:

Input: The mains power is converted into DC power through a rectifier, while also charging the battery

Output: Pure sine wave AC power is always provided by the inverter

Conversion time: Zero conversion time, seamless switching to battery power supply in case of abnormal mains power

 Output quality: High stability of output voltage, minimal harmonic distortion, suitable for precision equipment

2.The working mode of backup uninterruptible power supply is relatively simple:

 Input: Direct power supply when the mains is normal, only through a simple voltage regulator circuit

 Output: When the mains power is abnormal, switch to battery inverter power supply through the conversion switch

 Conversion time: There is a switching time of approximately 10ms

 Output quality: The stability of the output voltage (± 5%) and waveform quality (THD 5% -10%) are slightly lower than those of the online model

D、 Selection suggestion: Choose the appropriate type of uninterruptible power supply according to the application scenario:

1. Key equipment: such as servers, medical equipment, etc. It is recommended to choose an online uninterruptible power supply to ensure power supply quality,

2. Ordinary office equipment: such as computers, printers, etc., can be met by a backup uninterruptible power supply,

3. Industrial environment: Choose an industrial grade uninterruptible power supply with a wide input voltage range and strong anti-interference ability,

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